Maxay ka dhigan tahay isku-dhafka nuugista ee capacitors-ka filimka? Ma ka yar tahay, ka wanaagsan tahay?

Kahor inta aan la soo bandhigin isku-darka nuugista ee capacitors-ka filimka, aan eegno waxa uu yahay dielectric, kala-soocidda dielectric-ka iyo ifafaalaha nuugista ee capacitor-ka.

Dielectric

Dielectric waa walax aan gudbin karin, tusaale ahaan, dahaadh, oo aan lahayn dallac gudaha ah oo dhaqaaqi kara. Haddii dielectric la dhigo goob elektrostatic ah, elektaroonnada iyo xudunta atamka dielectric waxay sameeyaan "barakac qaraabo ah oo yar yar" gudaha baaxadda atomiga iyadoo la adeegsanayo xoogga goobta korontada, laakiin maaha "dhaqdhaqaaq macroscopic ah" oo ka fog atamka ay ka tirsan yihiin, sida elektaroonnada xorta ah ee ku jira gudbiyaha. Marka la gaaro dheelitirka elektrostatic-ka, xoogga goobta ee ku jira dielectric-ka ma aha eber. Tani waa farqiga ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya sifooyinka korontada ee dielectrics iyo gudbiyaha.

Kala-qaybsanaanta Dielectric

Marka la eego ficilka goobta korantada ee la adeegsaday, daqiiqad dipole macroscopic ah ayaa ka soo muuqata gudaha dielectric-ka iyadoo la raacayo jihada goobta korontada, waxaana ka soo muuqda dallac xiran dusha sare ee dielectric-ka, kaas oo ah kala-goynta dielectric-ka.

Ifafaalaha nuugista

Dhacdada dib u dhaca waqtiga ee habka dallacaadda iyo sii deynta ee kaabsoosha oo ay keento kala-goynta gaabiska ah ee dielectric iyadoo la adeegsanayo goobta korontada ee la adeegsaday. Fahamka guud ayaa ah in kaabsoosha loo baahan yahay in si buuxda loo dallaco isla markiiba, laakiin isla markiiba lama buuxiyo; kaabsoosha waxaa looga baahan yahay inuu si buuxda u sii daayo dallacaadda, laakiin lama sii daayo, dhacdada dib u dhaca waqtigana way dhacdaa.

Isugeynta nuugista ee capacitor-ka filimka

Qiimaha loo isticmaalo in lagu qeexo ifafaalaha nuugista dielectric ee capacitors-ka filimka waxaa loo yaqaan isku-dhafka nuugista, waxaana tixraacaya Ka. Saamaynta nuugista dielectric ee capacitors-ka filimku waxay go'aamisaa sifooyinka soo noqnoqoshada hooseeya ee capacitors-ka, qiimaha Ka-na aad buu ugu kala duwan yahay capacitors-ka dielectric-ka kala duwan. Natiijooyinka cabbirku way kala duwan yihiin muddada tijaabada ee capacitor-ka isku midka ah; qiimaha Ka sidoo kale wuu kala duwan yahay capacitors-ka isku midka ah, soosaarayaasha kala duwan, iyo dufcado kala duwan.

Haddaba waxaa jira laba su'aalood oo hadda la isweydiinayo -

S1. Ma yar yahay inta suurtogalka ah ee isku-dhafka nuugista ee kaabsoodhada filimka?

S2. Waa maxay saamaynta xun ee isku-dhafka nuugista ee weyn?

A1:

Iyadoo la raacayo ficilka goobta korontada ee la adeegsaday: Ka yar (isku-dhafka nuugista yar) → daciifka ah ee kala-soocidda dielectric (tusaale ahaan insulator) → hoos u dhaca xoogga isku xidhka dusha dielectric → yarka xoogga isku xidhka dielectric ee jiidista dallacaadda → yarka ifafaalaha nuugista ee capacitor → kacaasirku wuu dallacaa oo si dhakhso ah ayuu u sii daayaa. Xaaladda ku habboon: Ka waa 0, tusaale ahaan isku-dhafka nuugista waa 0, dielectric (tusaale ahaan insulator) ma laha ifafaalo kala-soocidda ah oo hoos yimaada ficilka goobta korontada ee la adeegsaday, dusha sare ee dielectric ma laha awood isku xidhka jiidista ah oo ku taal dallacaadda, iyo dallacaadda iyo jawaabta sii deynta ee capacitor ma laha hysteresis. Sidaa darteed, isku-dhafka nuugista ee capacitor-ka filimku waa ka yar yahay kan ka wanaagsan.

A2:

Saamaynta kapastarka leh qiimaha Ka oo aad u weyn ee wareegyada kala duwan waxay isu muujisaa qaabab kala duwan, sida soo socota.

1) Wareegyada kala duwan waxay noqdaan wareegyo isku xiran

2) Wareegga Sawtooth wuxuu dhaliyaa soo laabasho kordhay oo ku timaadda hirarka sawtooth-ka, sidaas darteedna wareeggu si dhakhso ah uma soo kaban karo

3) Xaddidaadyo, qabsatooyin, qallooc ku yimaada qaabka wareegga garaaca wadnaha oo cidhiidhi ah

4) Joogtada waqtiga ee shaandhada simida soo noqnoqoshada aadka u hooseeya ayaa weynaysa

(5) Qalabka cod-weyneeyaha DC eber ayaa khalkhal galay, hal dhinac oo hal dhinac ah ayaa ku wareegaya

6) Saxnaanta wareegga muunadda iyo haynta ayaa hoos u dhacda

7) Hoos u dhaca barta hawlgalka DC ee qalabka kor u qaada toosan

8) Kororka gariirka wareegga korontada

Dhammaan waxqabadka kor ku xusan ee saamaynta nuugista dielectric waa mid aan laga sooci karin nuxurka "inertia" ee capacitor-ka, taas oo ah, waqtiga la cayimay dallacaadda laguma dallaco qiimaha la filayo, iyo sidoo kale daadinta caksigeeda waa kiiska.

Iska caabbinta dahaarka (ama qulqulka daadashada) ee kapacitor leh qiime Ka oo weyn ayaa ka duwan kan kapacitor-ka ku habboon (Ka=0) maadaama uu kordho marka waqti tijaabo ah uu dheeraado (socodka daadashada ayaa hoos u dhacda). Waqtiga tijaabada ee hadda lagu cayimay Shiinaha waa hal daqiiqo.