Beddelayaashu waxay ka tirsan yihiin koox weyn oo beddelayaasha taagan, oo ay ku jiraan qaar badan oo maanta ah's aaladaha awood u leh"beddelo”qiyaasaha korantada ee gelinta, sida danabka iyo inta jeer ee, si loo soo saaro wax soo saar ku habboon shuruudaha rarka.

Guud ahaan marka la hadlo, rogayaasha ayaa ah aaladaha awooda inay u beddelaan hadda toos u beddela kuwa hadda jira waxayna aad ugu badan yihiin codsiyada automation-ka warshadaha iyo korantada.Naqshadeynta iyo naqshadeynta noocyada rogayaasha kala duwan ayaa isbeddelaya iyadoo loo eegayo codsi kasta oo gaar ah, xitaa haddii udub dhexaadka ujeeddadooda ugu weyn ay isku mid tahay (isku beddelka DC iyo AC).

1. Rog-rogayaasha Joogtada ah iyo Grid-ku Xidhan

Rogayaasha loo isticmaalo codsiyada voltaic ayaa taariikh ahaan loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo waaweyn:

:rogayaasha kali ah

:rogo-rogayaasha ku xiran Grid

Inverters Standalone waxaa loogu talagalay codsiyada halka warshadda PV aysan ku xirneyn shabakadda tamarta qaybinta muhiimka ah.Inverter-ku waxa uu awoodaa in uu tamar koronto u keeno culaysyada ku xidhan, isaga oo hubinaya xasiloonida xuduudaha korantada ee ugu muhiimsan (voltage and inta jeer).Tani waxay ku ilaalinaysaa inay ku jiraan xad hore loo sii cayimay, oo awood u leh inay u adkeystaan xaaladaha xad dhaafka ah ee ku meel gaadhka ah.Xaaladdan oo kale, gaddoonku waxa uu la socdaa habka kaydinta baytariga si loo xaqiijiyo tamar joogto ah.

Inverters-ku-xiran, dhanka kale, waxay awoodaan inay la jaanqaadaan korantada korantada ee ay ku xiran yihiin sababtoo ah, kiiskan, tamarta iyo inta jeer ee"lagu soo rogay”by shabagga ugu weyn.Rogayaashani waa in ay awoodaan in ay gooyaan haddii shabkada weyni ay fashilanto si looga fogaado wax kasta oo suurtagal ah oo rogaal celis ah oo ka iman kara khatar weyn.

Jaantuska 1 - Tusaalaha Nidaamka Istaagga iyo nidaamka Grid-ku xidhan.Lahaanshaha sawirkaBbulus

2.Waa maxay Doorka Capacitor Baska

Ujeedada rogaal-celinta waa in loo beddelo korantada waveform-ka DC oo loo beddelo calaamad AC si awoodda loogu duro culeyska (tusaale korantada) inta jeer ee la bixiyay iyo xagal yar oo weji ah (φ ≈0).Wareegga la fududeeyay ee hal weji hal-xidhaale unipolar Modulation Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka2 ( isla nidaamka guud waxa lagu kordhin karaa hab saddex waji ah).Nashqadan, nidaamka PV, oo u dhaqmaya sida isha korantada DC oo leh xoogaa ilbaxsan, ayaa loo qaabeeyey calaamad AC iyada oo loo marayo afar furaha IGBT oo barbar socda dabaylo-wheeling.Furayaashan waxaa lagu kontaroolaa albaabka iyada oo loo marayo calaamadda PWM, kaas oo caadi ahaan ah soo-saarka IC ee isbarbar dhigaya hirarka qaadaha (sida caadiga ah mawjada halbowlaha ah ee soo noqnoqda soo-saarka la rabo) iyo mawjadda tixraaca ee soo noqnoqoshada aad u sarreeya (sida caadiga ah mawjada saddex-xagalka ah). 5-20kHz).Wax soo saarka IGBT-yada waxaa loo qaabeeyey calaamad AC oo ku habboon isticmaalka ama cirbadeynta xajmiyeedka iyada oo loo marayo codsiga noocyada kala duwan ee filtarrada LC.

Hel Xigasho

Jaantuska 2: Modulation Width Modulation (PWM) hal wajihabaynta inverter.Dareemaha IGBT, oo ay weheliyaan shaandhada wax soo saarka LC, waxay u qaabeeyaan calaamadda gelinta DC ee calaamadda AC ee la isticmaali karo.Tani waxay keenaysaa adanab tir tir leh oo ka dhan ah terminaalka PV.Baskacapacitor waa la cabbiraa si loo dhimo dooxankan.

Hawlgalka IGBT-yadu waxa ay soo bandhigaan danab rogrogmi kara oo dulsaaraya marinka isku xidhka PV.Ripple-kan ayaa ah mid wax u dhimaya habsami u socodka nidaamka PV, maadaama korantada magaca ah ee lagu dabaqo terminaalka waa in lagu qabtaa meesha ugu sarreysa (MPP) ee qalooca IV si loo soo saaro awoodda ugu badan.Qulqulka korantada ee marinnada PV-ga ayaa rogrogmi doona awoodda laga soo saaray nidaamka, taasoo ka dhalanaysa

koronto celcelis ahaan hoose ah (Jaantuska 3).Capacitor ayaa lagu daraa baska si loo khafiifiyo qulqulka korantada.

Jaantuska 3: Qulqulka korantada ee lagu soo galiyay terminaalka PV nidaamka rogaha PWM ayaa ka dhigaya korantada codsatay barta korantada ugu badan (MPP) ee PV.Tani waxay soo bandhigaysaa qulqulka wax soo saarka korantada ee shaxanka si markaas celceliska awoodda wax-soo-saarku uu uga hooseeyo kan magaca ah ee MPP

Baaxadda (ugu sarreysa ilaa ugu sarreysa) ee qulqulka korantada waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa inta jeer ee beddelka, danabka PV, awoodda baska, iyo shaandhaynta shaandhaynta iyadoo loo eegayo:

meesha:

VPV waa korantada cadceedu DC,

Cbus waa awooda awooda baska,

L waa inductance ee inductors filter,

fPWM waa inta jeer ee beddelka.

Isla'egta (1) waxay qusaysaa kapacitor ku habboon oo ka hortagaya in dallacadu ku dhex socoto capacitor-ka inta lagu jiro dallacaadda ka dibna sii daaya tamarta ku taal berrinka korantada iyada oo aan lahayn wax iska caabbin ah.Dhab ahaantii, ma jiro capacitor ku habboon (Jaantuska 4) laakiin wuxuu ka kooban yahay walxo badan.Marka laga soo tago awoodda ugu habboon, dielectric ma aha mid si fiican u adkaysta oo qulqulaya yar ayaa ka soo qulqulaya anode ilaa cathode oo ay weheliso iska caabin xaddidan (Rsh), iyada oo ka gudbaysa awoodda dielectric (C).Marka hadda la marayo capacitor-ku uu socdo, biinanka, foils, iyo dielectric si fiican uma socdaan waxaana jira iska caabin taxane ah oo u dhigma (ESR) oo taxane ah oo leh awood.Ugu dambeyntii, capacitor-ku waxa uu ku kaydiyaa xoogaa tamar goobta magnetic, markaa waxaa jira inductance taxane u dhiganta (ESL) oo taxane ah oo leh awood iyo ESR.

Jaantuska 4: Wareegga u dhigma ee capacitor-ga guud.Capacitor waaKa kooban waxyaabo badan oo aan ku habboonayn, oo ay ku jiraan awoodda dielectric (C), iska caabin shunt ah oo aan dhammaad lahayn iyada oo loo marayo dielectric ka gudubta capacitor, iska caabin taxane ah (ESR), iyo taxane inductance (ESL).

Xataa qayb u muuqata mid fudud sida capacitor, waxaa jira walxo badan oo fashilmi kara ama hoos u dhigi kara.Mid kasta oo ka mid ah walxahan waxay saameyn karaan habdhaqanka beddelka, labadaba dhinacyada AC iyo DC.Si loo go'aamiyo saamaynta hoos u dhaca qaybaha aan ku habboonayn korantada ay ku leeyihiin qulqulka korantada ee lagu soo bandhigay dhammaan marinnada PV-ga, inverter PWM unipolar H-bridge (Jaantuska 2) ayaa la sawiray iyadoo la adeegsanayo SPICE.Xirmooyinka shaandhada iyo inductors waxaa lagu hayaa 250µF iyo 20mH, siday u kala horreeyaan.Moodooyinka SPICE ee IGBT-yada waxaa laga soo qaatay shaqada Petrie et al. Calaamadda PWM, oo maamusha furayaasha IGBT, waxaa go'aamiya isbarbardhigga iyo wareegga isbarbardhigga wareegga IGBT ee sare iyo kan hoose, siday u kala horreeyaan.Wax gelinta kontaroolada PWM waa 9.5V, 60Hz mawjad sine ah iyo 10V, 10kHz mowjad saddex xagal ah.